Lachitatu likubwerali, Novembara 24, tebulo laposachedwa la Driving into the future likambirana momwe tsogolo la kupanga mabatire aku Canada lingawonekere.Kaya ndinu oyembekezera-mumakhulupiriradi kuti magalimoto onse adzakhala amagetsi pofika chaka cha 2035-kapena mukuganiza kuti sitingakwaniritse cholingacho, magalimoto oyendetsa mabatire ndi gawo lofunikira la tsogolo lathu.Ngati Canada ikufuna kukhala gawo la kusintha kwa magetsi kumeneku, tifunika kupeza njira yoti tidzakhale otsogolera opanga magetsi oyendetsa magalimoto m'tsogolomu.Kuti muwone momwe tsogolo likuwonekera, onerani zaposachedwa kwambiri zopangira batire ku Canada Lachitatu lino nthawi ya 11:00 am Eastern Time.
Iwalani za mabatire olimba.Zomwezo zimapitanso ku hype yonse yokhudza silicon anode.Ngakhale batire ya aluminiyamu ya mpweya yomwe siingathe kulipiritsa kunyumba silingagwedeze dziko lonse la magalimoto amagetsi.
Kodi batire yomanga ndi chiyani?Chabwino, ili ndi funso labwino.Mwamwayi kwa ine, amene safuna kunamizira kuti ine ndilibe ukatswiri wa uinjiniya, yankho ndi losavuta.Magalimoto amakono amagetsi amayendetsedwa ndi mabatire omwe amaikidwa m'galimoto.O, tapeza njira yatsopano yobisira khalidwe lawo, lomwe ndilo kumanga mabatire onse a lithiamu-ion pansi pa chassis, kupanga "skateboard" nsanja yomwe tsopano ikufanana ndi mapangidwe a EV.Koma adakali osiyana ndi galimoto.Chowonjezera, ngati mungathe.
Mabatire omangika amasokoneza paradigm iyi popanga chassis yonse yopangidwa ndi ma cell a batri.M'tsogolo lomwe likuwoneka ngati loto, osati malo onyamula katundu okhawo adzakhala-m'malo mokhala ndi mabatire, koma mbali zina za thupi-A-zipilala, madenga, komanso, monga momwe bungwe lofufuzira lasonyezera, ndizotheka , The air fyuluta pressurized chipinda-osati okonzeka ndi mabatire, koma kwenikweni wopangidwa ndi mabatire.M'mawu a Marshall McLuhan wamkulu, galimoto ndi batri.
Chabwino, ngakhale mabatire amakono a lithiamu-ion amawoneka apamwamba kwambiri, ndi olemetsa.Mphamvu ya lithiamu ion ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa mafuta a petulo, kotero kuti mukwaniritse zofanana ndi magalimoto oyendetsa mafuta, mabatire a EV amakono ndi aakulu kwambiri.Chachikulu kwambiri.
Chofunika kwambiri, ndi olemetsa.Monga kulemedwa ndi "katundu wambiri".Njira yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya batri ndikuti kilogalamu iliyonse ya lithiamu ion imatha kupanga pafupifupi maola 250 amagetsi.Kapena m'dziko lachidule, mainjiniya amakonda, 250 Wh/kg.
Chitani masamu pang'ono, batire ya 100 kWh ili ngati Tesla yolumikizidwa mu betri ya Model S, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulikonse komwe mungapite, mumakoka pafupifupi 400 kg ya batri.Iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri.Kwa ife anthu wamba, zitha kukhala zolondola kwambiri kuyerekeza kuti batire ya 100 kWh imalemera pafupifupi mapaundi 1,000.Monga theka la tani.
Tsopano lingalirani china chake chonga Hummer SUT yatsopano, yomwe imati ili ndi mphamvu yapabwalo yofikira 213 kWh.Ngakhale wamkulu atapeza zopambana zina, Hummer yapamwamba imakokabe pafupifupi matani a mabatire.Inde, idzayendetsa kutali, koma chifukwa cha zowonjezera zonsezi, kuwonjezeka kwamtundu sikufanana ndi kuwirikiza kwa batri.Zachidziwikire, galimoto yake iyenera kukhala ndi injini yamphamvu kwambiri - ndiko kuti, yocheperako - kuti ifanane.Kuchita kwa njira zopepuka, zazifupi.Monga mainjiniya aliwonse amagalimoto (kaya akuthamanga kapena kuthamanga kwamafuta) angakuuzeni, kulemera ndi mdani.
Apa ndipamene bateri yachipangidwe imalowamo. Pomanga magalimoto kuchokera ku mabatire m'malo mowawonjezera kuzinthu zomwe zilipo, zolemera zambiri zowonjezera zimatha.Kumlingo wakutiwakuti—ndiko kuti, zinthu zonse zikasinthidwa kukhala mabatire—kuwonjezereka kwa mayendedwe a galimoto kumapangitsa kuti musaope konse.
Monga momwe mungayembekezere - chifukwa ndikudziwa kuti mwakhala pamenepo mukuganiza "Lingaliro labwino bwanji!" - pali zopinga zanzeru izi.Choyamba ndikudziŵa luso lopanga mabatire kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati monga anodes ndi cathodes pa batri iliyonse yofunikira, komanso mphamvu zokwanira-komanso zowala kwambiri!-Kapangidwe kamene kamatha kuthandizira galimoto yolemera matani awiri ndi okwera, ndipo akuyembekeza kuti idzakhala yotetezeka.
Nzosadabwitsa kuti zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri za batire yamphamvu kwambiri yopangidwa mpaka pano yopangidwa ndi Chalmers University of Technology ndipo idayikidwa ndi KTH Royal Institute of Technology, mayunivesite awiri otchuka kwambiri ku Sweden - ndi carbon fiber ndi aluminiyamu.Kwenikweni, mpweya wa kaboni umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrode yoipa;ma elekitirodi abwino amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu iron phosphate yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu.Popeza carbon fiber imapanganso ma elekitironi, palibe chifukwa cha siliva wolemera ndi mkuwa.The cathode ndi anode amasungidwa osiyana ndi galasi CHIKWANGWANI masanjidwewo mulinso electrolyte, kotero kuti osati amanyamula ayoni lithiamu pakati maelekitirodi, komanso amagawira katundu structural pakati pa awiriwo.Mphamvu yamagetsi ya batire iliyonse yotereyi ndi 2.8 volts, ndipo monga mabatire onse apagalimoto amagetsi, imatha kuphatikizidwa kuti ipange 400V kapena 800V yodziwika bwino pamagalimoto amagetsi amasiku onse.
Ngakhale uku ndikudumpha bwino, ngakhale ma cell apamwambawa sanakonzekere nthawi yayikulu konse.Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo kumangokhala maola a 25 watt pa kilogalamu, ndipo kulimba kwawo ndi 25 gigapascals (GPa), yomwe imakhala yamphamvu pang'ono kuposa fiber glass fiber.Komabe, ndi ndalama zochokera ku Swedish National Space Agency, mtundu waposachedwa tsopano umagwiritsa ntchito kaboni fiber yambiri m'malo mwa maelekitirodi a aluminiyamu, omwe ofufuza amati ali ndi kuuma komanso kusasunthika kwamphamvu.M'malo mwake, mabatire aposachedwa a carbon/carbon akuyembekezeka kutulutsa magetsi ofikira mawatt 75 pa kilogalamu imodzi ndi modulus ya Young ya 75 GPa.Kachulukidwe ka mphamvu kameneka kakhoza kutsalirabe kumbuyo kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion, koma kuuma kwake kwapangidwe tsopano kuli bwino kuposa aluminiyamu.Mwanjira ina, batire yamagetsi ya chassis diagonal yopangidwa ndi mabatirewa imatha kukhala yolimba ngati batire yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, koma kulemera kwake kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa mabatire apamwambawa ndi pafupifupi magetsi ogula.Pulofesa wa Chalmers, Leif Asp, anati: “M’zaka zoŵerengeka, n’zotheka kupanga foni yamakono, laputopu kapena njinga yamagetsi imene ndi theka la kulemera kwa masiku ano komanso yophatikizika.”Komabe, monga momwe woyang’anira ntchitoyo ananenera, “Ife tiridi malire ndi malingaliro athu pano.”
Batire sikuti ndi maziko a magalimoto amakono amagetsi, komanso ulalo wake wofooka kwambiri.Ngakhale kuneneratu kwachiyembekezo kungathe kuwona kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamakono.Nanga bwanji ngati tikufuna kupeza mitundu yodabwitsa yomwe tonse tinalonjeza - ndipo zikuwoneka kuti wina sabata iliyonse amalonjeza makilomita 1,000 pa mtengo uliwonse?- Tidzayenera kuchita bwino kuposa kuwonjezera mabatire pamagalimoto: tifunika kupanga magalimoto ndi mabatire.
Akatswiri akuti kukonzanso kwakanthawi kwa njira zina zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo msewu waukulu wa Coquihalla, zidzatenga miyezi ingapo.
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